Simultaneous Use of Intersecting Runways.The chances of such errors are increased if aircraft livery does not readily correspond to the RTF callsign being used this is sometimes the result of airline alliance livery policies or the ad hoc operational substitution of leased-in aircraft. Conditional Clearances If conditional clearances are used, the risk consequent upon any error in their issue or actioning may be increased because of errors in aircraft identification by adjacent aircraft.
#PENGERTIAN PROGRAM PROFORMA SERIES#
Use of Multiple Line-ups for a series of aircraft departures from the same runway from different entry positions may increase the potential for runway collision. Operation with intersecting active runways is also likely to require careful consideration to ensure that the inherently increased risk of conflict is adequately managed. This risk may be reduced if the LRST identifies the Runway Hotspots thereby created and effective risk mitigation is developed and applied. If, as a consequence of aerodrome design, aircraft have to cross active runways to move between their take off or landing runway and their parking position, the likelihood of runway incursions is increased. Low visibility is also likely to restrict a controller’s ability to identify and follow aircraft visually so that cross-checking a reported aircraft position with its actual location may become impossible unless Surface Movement Radar is available. Low visibility may increase the chance of flight crew becoming disorientated and unsure of their position whilst taxying. due to inappropriate training and lack of formal runway access approval dependent upon satisifactory training completion) and misinterprets the runway entry clearance issued by ATC which causes him to enter the runway at the incorrect position.
#PENGERTIAN PROGRAM PROFORMA DRIVER#
The vehicle driver is not sufficiently familiar with the maneuvering area layout at an airport (e.g. Despite this, they acknowledge taxi instructions and without being confident of their position or the taxi route given, continue taxing and inadvertently enter an active runway.
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An aircraft lands at an unfamiliar airport and the flight crew becomes disorientated as they exit the runway. The controller does not ensure sufficient spacing between two successive landing aircraft or between the preceding departing aircraft and the succeeding landing aircraft, and issues the landing clearance to the succeeding aircraft which causes the infringement of the applicable runway use spacing/separation minima.
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Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take off of aircraft.